HTML Tutorial

HTML- HTML, an initialism of Hyper-text Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages.

It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document — by identifying certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects.

HTML is written in the form of labels (known as tags), surrounded by angle brackets like: < >

HTML can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded scripting language code which can affect the behavior of web browsers and other HTML processors.

Tag-  Tag or label In the www, is alternative or locator for punctuation in cataloging rule. In other word, the indicators to make the structure of the file understandable to machine/system/pc are often called tags.

There are various languages in the WWW that all follows tags but a little differences there are from one to the other. One of those languages is HTML which enjoys Markup language. 

WWW  Means-

Markup language Means:-

Definitions 1 :-Markup language is a way of depicting/representing the logical structure or semantics of a document on computer. It provides instructions to computers on how to handle or display the contents of the file. 

A markup language provides a way to combine a text and extra information about it.

The extra information, including structure, layout, or other information, is expressed using markup, which is typically intermingled with the primary text.

Definitions 1 :- A language that has codes for indicating layout and styling (such as boldface, italics, paragraphs, placement of graphics, etc.) within a text file.  

Markup language is a set of codes or tags that surrounds content and tells a person or program what that content is (its structure) and/or what it should look like (its format). Markup tags have a distinct syntax that sets them apart from the content that they surround.

A notation for identifying the components of a document to enable each component to be appropriately formatted, displayed, or used.

A set of symbols and rules for their use when doing a markup of a document.

History of HTML 1980s :- In 1980, Tim Berners-Lee, an independent ontractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a hypertext system for CERN researchers to use to share documents.

In 1989, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau each submitted separate proposals for an Internet-based hypertext system providing similar functionality.

The following year, they collaborated on a joint proposal, the World Wide Web ( W3 ) project, which was accepted by CERN.

History of HTML 1991s :- 1991 : The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called HTML Tags, first mentioned on the Internet by Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 22 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Thirteen of these elements still exist in HTML 4.

Berners-Lee considered HTML to be, at the time, an application of SGML, but it was not formally defined as such until the mid-1993 publication, by the IETF

The draft expired after six months,

1994  : Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ ", from late 1993.

in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group,

 In 1995 IETF completed "HTML 2.0". HTML 2.0 included ideas from the HTML and HTML+ drafts.

Notice: There was no "HTML 1.0"; the 2.0 designation was intended to distinguish the new edition from previous drafts.

History of HTML 2001 :-  In 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). The last HTML specification published by the W3C is the HTML 4.01 Recommendation, published in late 1999. Its issues and errors were last acknowledged by errata published in 2001

Mean Points :–

HTML markup consists of several key components, including elements (and their attributes), character-based data types, and character references and entity references.

Elements :-   

Elements are the basic structure for HTML markup.Elements have two basic properties: attributes and content.Each attribute and each element's content has certain restrictions that must be followed for an HTML document to be considered valid.

An element usually has a start label e.g.: <label> and

                                           an end label e.g. </label>.

The element's attributes are contained in the start label and content is located between the labels (e.g.

<label attribute="value">Content</label>

<t=“title">my homepage</t>).

Note: Some elements, such as <br>, do not have any content and do not need a closing label.

Structural Markup :- Markup describes the purpose of text. For example, <h2>vahideh</h2>   establishes    " vahideh " as a second-level heading, which would be rendered in a browser in a manner similar to the "HTML markup" title at the start of this section.

Structural markup does not denote any specific rendering, but most web browsers have standardized on how elements should be formatted. Text may be further styled with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

Representational Markup :- 

Representational markup describes the appearance of the text, regardless of its function. For example <b>boldface</b> indicates that visual output devices should render "boldface" in bold text, but gives no indication what devices which are unable to do this (such as aural devices that read the text aloud) should do. In the case of both <b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i>,

click

there are elements which usually have an equivalent visual rendering but are more semantic in nature, namely <strong>strong emphasis</strong> and <em>emphasis</em> respectively.

Elements :-

Title and heading in  Notepad++

Output :-

Element :- 

 Presentation: Bold , Italic ,emphasis , strong and break .

Output :-